Friday, September 15, 2006

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Carving a Jack-o-lantern




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A jack-o'-lantern is a turnip or pumpkin whose top and stem have been cut out and interior removed, leaving a hollow shell that is then decoratively carved. Jack-o'-lanterns are associated with the holiday Halloween.

Pumpkin craft


Jack-o'-lanterns are often carved with an emotive face.
Sections of the pumpkin are cut out to make a design, often depicting a
face. A variety of tools may be used to carve and hollow out the gourd, ranging from simple knives and spoons to specialized instruments. It is possible to create surprisingly artistic designs, be they simple or intricate in nature. After carving, a light source (traditionally a candle) is placed inside the pumpkin and the top is put back into place. The light illuminates the design from the inside. Sometimes a chimney is carved in the lid to allow heat to escape.
Traditionally the carved pumpkin would be a face, often with a simple crooked toothed grin. But toward the end of the 20th century, artists began expressing every kind of idea they could imagine on pumpkins. Today, it is common to see portraits of political candidates, celebrities and cartoon characters, just to name a few. Some artists do full three-dimensional sculptures and others work with the idea that the lighted pumpkin will project in what amounts to three shades. Cut out holes will appear white; unpeeled portions will appear black, and any area that is peeled or carved to different depths will appear as various shades of yellow/orange.
Examples
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Tradition rooted in folklore
An Irish legend tells of Jack, a lazy but shrewd farmer who used a
cross to trick the Devil, then refused to free him unless he agreed to never let Jack into Hell. The Devil agreed. When Jack died, he was too sinful to be allowed into Heaven, but the Devil wouldn't let him into Hell. So, Jack carved out one of his turnips, put a candle inside it, and began endlessly wandering the Earth for a resting place. He was known as "Jack of the Lantern", or Jack-o'-Lantern.
There are variations on the legend. Some of which include:
The Devil mockingly tossing a coal from the fires of Hell at Jack, which Jack then places in the turnip.
Jack tricking/trapping the Devil a variety of ways, including placing a key or other item in the Devil's pocket when the Devil is suspended in the air or plucking an apple from a tree. Some versions include a "wise and good man" or even
God helping Jack to prevail over the Devil.
Jack's bargain with the Devil being different. In some variations, the deal is only a temporary bargain, but the Devil, embarrassed and vengeful, refuses Jack entry after Jack dies.
Jack is considered a greedy man and is not allowed into either Heaven or Hell, without anything having to do with the Devil.
Despite the colorful legends, the term jack-o'-lantern originally meant a night watchman, or man with a lantern, with the earliest known use in the mid-17th century; and later, meaning an ignis fatuus or
will-o'-the-wisp.[1]
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A North American tradition

In northern England, Scotland, and Ireland, there is a long tradition of carving lanterns from vegetables, particularly the turnip, mangelwurzel, or rutabaga. But not until 1837 does jack-o'-lantern appear as a term for a carved vegetable lantern,[2] and the carved lantern does not become associated specifically with Halloween until 1866.[3] Significantly, both occurred not in the British Isles, but in North America.
Historian David J. Skal writes,
Although every modern chronicle of the holiday repeats the claim that vegetable lanterns were a time-honored component of Halloween celebrations in the British Isles, none gives any primary documentation. In fact, none of the major nineteenth-century chronicles of British holidays and folk customs make any mention whatsoever of carved lanterns in connection with Halloween. Neither do any of the standard works of the early twentieth century.
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In America, the carved pumpkin was associated with the harvest season in general, long before it became an emblem of Halloween. The poet
John Greenleaf Whittier, who was born in 1807, wrote in "The Pumpkin" (1850):

Oh!—fruit loved of boyhood!—the old days recalling,
When wood-grapes were purpling and brown nuts were falling!When wild, ugly faces we carved in its skin,Glaring out through the dark with a candle within!

Halloween decorations ideas

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Decoration ideas & party themes


There's no better time for creative merrymaking than Halloween. Get started on your party by picking a theme ('60s? Star Wars?), then plan decorations - from terra-cotta or wax jack-o'-lanterns to homemade scary spiders and ghosts. Set the table with a party pack - set the mood with scary music.

Trick-or-treating


Trick-or-treating, also known as Guising, is an activity for children on
Halloween in which they proceed from house to house, asking for treats such as candy with the question, "Trick or treat?" Trick-or-treating is done in costume and is one of the main traditions of Halloween. It has become socially required if one lives in a neighborhood with children to purchase candy in preparation for trick-or-treaters. The National Confectioners Association reported in 2005 that 80 percent of adults in America planned to give out candy to trick-or-treaters,[1] and that 93 percent of children planned to go trick-or-treating.[2]
The activity is popular in the
United States, Ireland and Canada, and due to culture importation in recent years has started to occur in Australia and New Zealand (although it has been observed in these country for many years) including in many parts of Europe, most significantly in the United Kingdom where the police have threatened to prosecute parents of children who allow their kids to do it, and in the Saudi Aramco camps of Dhahran and Ras Tanura in Saudi Arabia.

Bobbing for apples

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Bobbing for apples (also known as 'ducking for apples' or, in Australia and New Zealand, 'bobbing for plops' or 'bobbing for ploppers') is a game customarily played on
Halloween, but many people have looked upon this game as unsanitary. The game is played by filling a tub or a large basin with water and putting apples in the water. Because apples are less dense than water, they will float at the surface. Players (usually children) then "bob" or "duck" for the apples, by trying to catch one with their teeth. Use of hands is not allowed.

Costume parties

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United States
Costume Parties are especially popular in the
United States around Halloween, when teenagers and adults who may be considered too old for trick-or-treating attend a costume party instead. Halloween costume parties are occasionally featured in popular movies, such as Mean Girls.
Costume parties are also popular during the
Carnival season, such as at Mardi Gras. Costume parties are also held for popular science fiction and fantasy events, movie openings and book releases. Website theonering.net held a Lord of the Rings dress oscar party that was attended by Peter Jackson. Star Wars parties were held to celebrate the opening of Episode I. Many bookstores have held Harry Potter themed parties to celebrate the releases of the series' later novels.
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England
Fancy dress parties are popular year round in England.
Bridget Jones features the popular and classic theme "Tarts and Vicars". Fancy dress parties are also a favorite of the British Royal Family. Prince William celebrated his 21st birthday with an "Out of Africa" theme, Princess Beatrice chose an 1888 themed party for her 18th birthday, and Freddie and Gabriella Windsor celebrated a joint birthday party with a pre-French Revolution courtly theme.[1] Prince Harry infamously wore an Afrika Corps uniform with a Nazi armband to a "Colonials and Natives" themed party in January 2004. There was a large international outcry after the Sunday tabloid News of the World published a photo of him in the costume.[2]

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